Beatrice and Catherine play Essay Example

Beatrice and Catherine play Paper Beatrice is a woman who often likes to talk about how shes feeling and shows her anxiety to Eddie openly, Im just telling you I done what you want! Shes constantly standing by Eddie, even though she knows hes done a terrible thing by calling in the authorities. Through it all Eddie eventually comes back to Beatrice as he dies in her arms: My B.!  Rodolpho is an American enthusiast; hence the singing of Paper Doll (an American song) and the spending of money on fashionable clothes and records, of which Eddie disapproves. Rodolphos constant smiling and affection makes the audience begin to like him, and feel sympathy for him. When Marco and Rodolpho arrive in Act One, Eddie takes an instant dislike to Rodolpho because of the obvious attraction between Catherine and Rodolpho. The stage direction He is coming more and more to address Marco only shows that Rodolpho has started to irritate Eddie, and he doesnt like having an unmarried man in his house. The attraction between Rodolpho and Catherine becomes most evident to Eddie in the last two lines of this part of the act, when Catherine says to Rodolpho, you like sugar? and he replies, Sugar? Yes! I like sugar very much!. Taken literally, Catherine is in fact offering Rodolpho sugar for his coffee, but there is also a possibility of a hidden meaning. By this time Eddie has become insanely jealous, because giving someone sugar can also means giving someone some love. We will write a custom essay sample on Beatrice and Catherine play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Beatrice and Catherine play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Beatrice and Catherine play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eddie often tries to discredit Rodolpho, first by implying that Rodolpho is not serious about his relationship with Catherine and is merely in search of an American citizenship, when that fails he comes to believe Rodolpho is a homosexual and tries to show up his effeminate side, in contrast to himself. However hes careful to never actually say homosexual and tells Alfieri that he aint right and you could kiss him, he was so was so sweet. Towards the end of the play, Marco becomes much more important. Marco is a man of actions rather than words, and is often silent. He has difficulty speaking English which also adds to his belief in actions speaking louder than words. Marco came to the U.S.A out of love for his family and clearly misses them, and also feels a responsibility for Rodolpho, as well as the community. When Eddie attempts a joke about the surprises awaiting men in Italy after working in the U.S.A for many years, Marco corrects him and sees nothing funny in the suggestion. In the first act when Marco raises the chair like a weapon to threaten Eddie, it allows him to express an idea wish he would not wish to put into words. At first it is Rodolpho who Eddie wants to eliminate, but after Marco spits in his face and announces I accuse that one when Eddies betrays them and calls the authorities, Eddies war is with the elder brother. In effect, a challenge has been issued by Marco, Marcos got my name. and contradicting Marco is Eddies only way of trying to recover his lost name. Marco feels very strongly about family values and tells Alfieri that in his home country Eddie would already be dead for what he has done, and feels even more strongly than Eddie does the values which Eddie expresses in telling the story of Vinnie Bolzano, the stool pigeon. Being the 1940s, Catherine and Beatrice are often restricted by Eddie as head of the household. Catherine feels obliged to obey him because he has been like a father to her, and doesnt think its right if he does not agree with her marriage to Rodolpho. Her loving respectful attitude towards him slowly dissolves and turns to hate in Act Two, where she calls him a rat. Beatrice on the other hand remains devoted to Eddie through the whole play, and stands by him even when she knows Eddie has done something awful. Even when Eddie demeans her, by saying that she is his wife and should obey him, she still stands by him. This is also shown by the way she reacts when she is told that she cant go to Catherines wedding or she no longer lives in the same household. Another example of Eddie being a man of his time is in Act Two where he returns home after ringing the immigration bureau. He is really paranoid and anxious, so he starts to take it out on Beatrice. I dont like the way you talk to me, Beatrice and I want my respect Eddie, as a man of his time, is also unable to express his emotions and keeps them locked inside to show his masculinity. Eddie: Pause, he cant speak, then I cant, I cant talk about it. He is at war with his inner self because he cant admit, even to himself, that he likes Catherine and is in denial and disgusted at himself. His inability to express his emotions is an act of defence, to avoid showing his weakness and insecurities. The tension in A View from the Bridge rises and drops deliberately, the high moments of tension being: the chair scene; the kiss scene; Marco spitting in Eddies face; and the fight at the end. The chair scene raises the audiences tension because it is surprising. Not much is known about Marco, he remains mysterious throughout the first Act. When he raises the chair as a weapon, it shocks the audience and at the same time gives a very slight insight into Marcos protective personality. In effect, it makes the audience curious as well as slightly worried because it gives a sense of foreboding. With the audience still tense, the second act opens with a series of events that relies on stage action, as a drunken Eddie kisses both Catherine and Rodolpho. He kisses Catherine to show her how a real man kisses and kisses Rodolpho to show Catherine that he enjoys it, to humiliate him and to show that his failure to resist is significant. By now Eddie will have lost the audiences sympathy, and in 1955 when the play was first performed, the double kiss would have been extremely shocking.  Later during Act Two while being dragged out by the immigration officers, Marco spits in Eddies face. Then outside the apartment in front of all the neighbours, Marco reveals that it was Eddie who called the immigration bureau and accuses him by screaming, That one! He killed my children! It is at this point when Marco steals Eddies name. The real climax of the play is when Marco is coming to punish Eddie, while Eddie, in return, is demanding his name back. As said before Marco thinks it is dishonourable to let Eddie live but has given his word not to kill him. When Eddie pulls out a knife, Marco can see justice done. Eddie literally dies by his own hand which is holding the knife, but has also metaphorically destroyed himself over the whole course of the play. The death of Eddie is not particularly shocking, and gives the audience time to recover and reflect what has just happened. The anticipation of the fight is the major climax. It could be described like a showdown on a western. Miller uses a range of dramatic devices to increase the tension in the play. The use of Italian and Sicilian immigrants enables Miller to make them more or less inarticulate in English. Alfieri is the only educated speaker of English and for this reason can explain Eddies actions to us. Eddie uses a naturalistic Brooklyn slang e.g. quicker for more quickly. If the dialect was different, or more articulate it wouldnt have had the same gritty realistic effect. Action and stage directions are very important in this play, because of Eddies and Marcos limitations as speakers, and purely because some matters cannot be discussed and are shown by gestures instead. The stage directions define each character. At high moments of tension or climaxes Miller often adds in very striking action. For example the climax of Act One, when Eddie tries to humiliate Rodolpho by teaching him to box, while Macro silently watched what was happening. As Eddie throws a punch which staggers Rodolpho, Marco shows the danger Eddie is inviting by threatening Rodolpho, by lifting the chair as a weapon. The structure of the play is quite simple. Miller used the two acts to mark a division in Eddies story, and within these acts are scenes, which are split by Alfieris talks/monologues and are narrated in a linear fashion but with gaps in time. The lighting is used theatrically, a significant use being the phone booth, which glows brighter and brighter signalling Eddies realisation then determination to call the immigration bureau. The area in use is lighted if needed, other wise it is dark. The blackouts give a moment of reflection, leaving the audience to dwell on the events of the play. It is said that Miller wanted to make A View from the Bridge a modern equivalent of a Greek tragedy, which has: a central character that has a fatal flaw, e.g. Eddie with his love for Catherine, and therefore his jealousy and a Greek chorus. The chorus was a group of people who watched the play, commented on it and addressed the audience directly. In A View from the Bridge Alfieri is the equivalent to the chorus, and after Eddie, is probably the most important role in the play. Alfieri moves time on, directs the audience in their thoughts and feelings, anticipates what will happen and establishes character, He was a good a man as he had to be. His words are constantly full of foreboding, Another lawyer sat there as powerless as I and watched it run its bloody course but he doesnt try to alter the course. Alfieri is at battle with himself, not knowing how involved he should get. He repeatedly tells Eddie not to get involved, to let Catherine go. As Eddie contemplates betrayal, Alfieri reads his mind and warns him: You wont have a friend in the worldput it out of your mind.  At the end of a scene, as the light goes up on Alfieri, the audience is challenged to make a judgement.  A View from the Bridge is not a pleasant play nor is it meant to be. I personally enjoyed it because it was gripping, and there are subtle metaphors scattered throughout. The issues represented still apply to this day, trust being tested now more than ever. It leaves philosophical and moral questions lingering in our mind, such as who is responsible for Eddies death? It could be argued that Beatrice and Catherine played a part to Eddies downfall, however I would disagree. They couldnt be blamed for Eddies attraction and lust for Catherine, because preventing love is impossible. A View from the Bridge couldnt end any other way, if Eddie had not died, he would have suffered humiliation and shame for the rest of his life, which would probably lead to suicide, death being inevitable. Would I be able to cope in his position and resist that act of desperation? In all honesty, I dont think I could, its just a matter of time until the wall of denial would crumble, eventually giving in to acceptance and desperation. A View from the Bridge is a well written play; it appeals to our hearts, but makes us think with our heads.

Definition and Examples of Accismus in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Accismus in Rhetoric Accismus is a  rhetorical term for coyness: a form of irony in which a person feigns a lack of interest in something that he or she actually desires. Bryan Garner notes that political candidates sometimes engage in something like this tactic by declaring that they would really rather be doing something else than being engaged in public life (Garners Modern English Usage, 2016). EtymologyFrom the Greek, coyness Examples and Observations We spout figures all the time without knowing it. For instance:YOU: Oh, you shouldnt have.If you really mean it, that if they give you one more ugly, ill-fitting sweater youll have to kill them, they you have not used a figure. But if the gift is a new iPad and you can barely keep from running off and playing with it, then your oh-you-shouldnt have constitutes a figure called coyness. Cheapskates who let others pick up the tab tend to use the coyness figure.(Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing, 2nd ed. Three Rivers Press, 2013)My name is Elizabeth Urello. I currently live in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. I do not desire to be a writer/actor/comic/playwright/household name/superstar-personality, any more than I desire your good opinion. I do not desperately want more friends, and I am not badly in need of dates.(About Elizabeth, at the blog Accismus)Accismus and Courtship in Maya Angelous Heart of a WomanHe raised his voice, Bar, give us another one like that other one, then dropped his voic e. Tell me, why are you all alone? Have the men gone blind?Although I knew it was an expected move in the courting game, flirting made me uncomfortable. Each coy remark made me feel like a liar. I wiggled on the stool and giggled and said, Oh, stop.Thomas was smooth. He led, I followed; at the proper time he withdrew and I pulled forward; by the end of our introductory ceremony, I had given him my address and accepted an invitation to dinner.(Maya Angelou, The Heart of a Woman. Random House, 1981) Julius Caesars Use of Accismus. . . I saw Mark Antony offer him [Julius Caesar] a crownyet twas not a crown neither, twas one of these coronetsand as I told you, he put it by once; but, for all that, to my thinking, he would fain have had it. Then he offered it to him again; then he put it by again; but, to my thinking, he was very loath to lay his fingers off it. And then he offered it the third time; he put it the third time by; and still as he refused it, the rabblement hooted and clapped their chapped hands and threw up their sweaty night-caps.(Casca in Act 1, scene 2 of Julius Caesar, by William Shakespeare)Roone Arledges Use of Accismus to Encourage Howard Cosells Departure From ABC SportsIn the weeks following the Holmes-Cobb [boxing] debacle, rumors persisted that [sportscaster Howard Cosell] would change his mind, under pressure from ABC. But, in contrast to previous years, there was no real pressure. To the contrary, ABC was quite happy to leave him be. Had Cosell chosen to return, the executives would have had to accommodate him, something no one was eager to do now. This being the situation, Roone Arledge [president of ABC Sports] could afford to humor him. Ringing up Cosell one day, he said coyly, I understand youre not doing any more professional fights.When Cosell assented, Arledge, even more coyly, asked, Youve read your contract recently?Yes, Cosell said, and I know Im in breach of contract, Roone, and I understand that you have every right to dismiss me from the company.Arledge, biting his lip, assured him, Are you crazy? I think youve done the right thing. Congratulations!Arledge had reason to be complimentary. For him, and all of ABC Sports, the right thing was Cosell so purposefully lifting from them the burden of having to dismiss him.(Mark Ribowsky, Howard Cosell: The Man, the Myth, and the Transformation of American Sports. W.W. Norton, 2011) Demonstrating Humility: The Bishops RitualAppointing a bishop is a tricky business. To be a bishop you have to possess the Christian virtue of humility; however, if you actually are humble youll probably think youre not worthy of being a bishop and turn the job down. Even if you secretly think that youd make a splendid bishop and would look marvellous in a mitre, you cant just come out and say it. It would look bad. So you had to practise a little bit of accismus by announcing in front of the assembled company of churchmen that youd really rather not become a bishop, or, in Latin, Nolo episcopari.When you had solemnly announced this, rather than saying Oh well, thats that, I suppose, the church council would ask you a second time, and for a second time you would humbly reply Nolo episcopari. On the third go, you would say, Oh all right then, go on, or Volo episcopari or some such line of assent. You would thus have displayed your humility and got the job.However, it is dreadfully imp ortant to keep count, as if you said Nolo episcopari a third time it would be assumed that you really meant it and your chances of promotion would be forever scuppered. Its rather like the Rule of the Bellman described by Lewis Carroll in The Hunting of the Snark: What I tell you three times is true.(Mark Forsyth, Horologicon. Icon Books, 2012) A Female Virtue in the Victorian EraThe purer the golden vessel, the more readily is it bent: the higher worth of women is sooner lost than that of men. . . .Nature herself has surrounded these delicate souls with an ever-present, in-born guard, with modesty, both in speaking and hearing. A woman requires no figure of eloquenceherself exceptedso often as that of accismus.** So rhetoricians term the figure by which one speaks, without all longing, of the very objects for which one feels the strongest.(Jean Paul, Levana: Or, The Doctrine of Education, 1848) Pronunciation: ak-SIZ-mus

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 16

Marketing - Essay Example Nevertheless, the company has built a reputation with teenagers and young adults who generally flock their stores to purchase fashionable clothes of their choice. As such, these clothing apparels, which are produced and marketed internationally requires strategic decision making. For A&F to make good judgements regarding its operations, the company must primarily perceive the external factors that may affect the company’s operation that are out of its direct control (CIPD, 2008). Understanding the macro-environment aids both in the detection of possible opportunities and financial threats for and to the business respectively. In order to perceive a better view of the environment where Abercrombie and Fitch operates in, the PESTLE analysis should be used to identify risks, growth and decline, proper market positioning and possible direction for the overall improvement of the company’s product and organizational management (CIPD, 2008). PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental (CIPD, 2008). Taking into consideration the individual elements of PESTLE as previously mentioned the Abercrombie and Fitch Management should decisively analyze the following: 1. Political – as a retail clothes company that manages outlets internationally, management at A&F must de aware of the different government regulations regarding trading policies with regards to trade restrictions and tariffs that may apply. It should also be updated with political trends, international pressure groups and inter-country relationships. 2. Economic encompasses the overseas economic trends. Taxation changes specific to product/service. The company must also be aware of interest and exchange rates on international trade and monetary issues. A study of credit availability, cost of living, economic growth and wage rates among others must be done on a

Social Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Social Psychology - Essay Example The study of social influence, social comparison, conformity, obedience, motives, group processes, attitudes and attitude changes involve social psychology to very large extent in understanding the culture and background of a region together with its history and social practices, and helps to track the means to change mindsets and augment the economy. Undoubtedly, the individual has a huge responsibility in social behavior and practices. Human nature is hereditary and follows the pattern and practices an individual sees and observes around him. As such, the study on self and one’s identity has a special place in the study of social psychology. Every individual is naturally inclined to be self-centered, and central to all his or her life is the concern for the security and well-being of the individual within the social standards, resources and beliefs being followed in the region. The purposes and goals of the individual have a lot to do with the resources and influence society brings about with the help of the natural environment, traditional customs and leadership unique to the region. Man has always had the capability to understand what he is like and the desire to know what he would like to be. Progress is achieved when one puts one’s perception and experience to work and grasp what is feasible and attainable. It makes sense to the individual to seek better things in life and see all round progress and prosperity where he is concerned as well as where others are also involved. The means to these issues are interpersonal relationships, social standards and understanding of one’s culture. The events in Rwanda some decades ago shocked the world and exposed the incapacity of the United Nations to quickly and effectively deal with the situation. A mute world looked on as marauding mobs went on rampage, looting and massacring a hapless minority whose only fault lay in the lopsided governing

Response for Case Datril Essay Example for Free

Response for Case Datril Essay 1) What course of action should Datril take? It should solidify its position in the analgesic market and gain share in the rapidly growing acetaminophen market. It should target both Tylenol Users and Aspirin Users. On one hand, it should explain to customers that Datril’s effect is identical to Tylenol and use low-price promotion. On the other hand, it should leverage Bristal-Myers’s name to facilitate its market penetration. Generally, it should focus on advertisement and promotion. 2) What are the pros and cons of targeting Tylenol Users? Pros: Datril is a substitute of Tylenol, but compared to Tylenol, it’s cheaper. Besides, Tylenol almost controls the market of acetaminophen and it controls nearly the whole potentials customers for Datril. Cons: Tylenol dominated the acetaminophen market for a long time. On one hand, many customers have strong loyalty to Tylenol. On the other hand, since it’s a new drug, many people neither know it nor trust it, Datril has to spend a lot of time and money in advertisement. Besides, its effect is identical to Tylenol, which means in quality it doesn’t have any advantages over Tylenol. In this way, low price becomes a big attraction for customers. But the low-price strategy means lower profit per unit. 3) What are the pros and cons of targeting Aspirin Users? Pros: Datril’s effective element is acetaminophen, which has the same function as Aspirin but less side effects. In contrast, acetaminophen analgesics raised the pain threshold and reduced fever without having the anti-inflammatory effect of aspirin, thus meeting the needs of people who suffered from upset stomach. The data shows that acetaminophen’s market almost doubles while Aspirin’s only increases by 9%. It means that more and more people prefer to use acetaminophen. Targeting acetaminophen users apparently is a very promising action. Cons: Datril, Bufferin and Excedrin all belong to Bristal-Myers. And Bufferin and Excedrin are both very successful leading brands in Aspirin market. Datril absolutely can borrow some positive association from these two brands if Bristol-Myers tries to leverage its name to facilitate Datril’s rapid market penetration.

Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable :: essays research papers

Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable Abstract Attenuation refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal. Attenuation occurs with digital or analog signals. Attenuation is the end result of signals being transmitted extended distances. Attenuation is usually expressed in units called decibels (dBs). The cable type will determine at what point along the length of the cable signal degradation occurs. Repeaters can be inserted along the length of the cable to boost the signal strength which increases the maximum attainable range of data transmitted though the cable. Attenuation Effects on Data Transmitted through Cable The majority of attenuation in Coax cable comes from resistive losses in the cable's metallic conductors. Temperature also has effects the resistivity of the conducting surface. Resistivity is a "bulk property of material describing how well that material inhibits current flow. This is slightly different from resistance, which is not a physical property. If one considers current flowing through a unit cube of material (say, a solid metal cube that measures 1 meter on each side), resistivity is defined as the voltage measured across the unit cube length (V/m) divided by the current flowing through the unit cube's cross sectional area (I/m2). This results in units of Ohm m2/m or Ohm-m." [University of British Columbia Geophysical Inversion Facility] Temperature affects the movement of electrons in the material. When a signal voltage is passed through a wire the electrons collides with the atoms in the material. If more atoms are allowed collide with electrons, the greater the frictional resistance, which affects the cable ability to conduct (allow data to pass through the cable). Temperature causes the atoms with in the material to move. Increasing the temperature causes the atoms to â€Å"jiggle† which causes frequent collations with electrons. The opposite is true when the temperature is lowered. Attenuation is a function of the frequency of the signal, and the length and physical structure of the cable itself. Specifically, it depends on: †¢ The diameter of the inner conductor: as the diameter of the conductor increases, attenuation decreases. †¢ The composition of the outer conductor: the more effective the screening action, the lower the attenuation. †¢ The nature of the dielectric: the lower its constant dielectric, the lower the attenuation. Therefore, an expanded dielectric supplies, at any given diameter, values of attenuation lower than a solid dielectric. Since the type of cable, the temperature, and the rate at which data is being passed through the cables are constant, the length of the cable is the only factor that affects the attenuation in the two cables.

Reading comprehension Essay

|Types of Reading | |Maija MacLeod | |[pic] | |In this Page: | |Overview | |Intensive Reading | |Extensive Reading | |Intensive and Extensive Reading Together | |Scanning | |Skimming | |Scanning and Skimming Together | |References | |[pic] | |Overview: | |Several types of reading may occur in a language classroom. One way in which these may be categorized ,| |as suggested by Brown (1989) can be outlined as follows: | | A. Oral | | B. Silent | | I. Intensive | | a. linguistic | | b. content | | II. Extensive | | a. skimming | | b. scanning | | c. global | |The first distinction that can be made is whether the reading is oral or silent. This web page will not| |deal with oral reading, only silent reading. | |Within the category of silent reading, one encounters intensive and extensive reading. Intensive | |reading is used to teach or practice specific reading strategies or skills. The text is treated as an | |end in itself. Extensive reading on the other hand, involves reading of large quantities of material,| |directly and fluently. It is treated as a means to an end. It may include reading reading simply for | |pleasure or reading technical, scientific or professional material. This later type of text, more | |academic, may involve two specific types of reading, scanning for key details or skimming for the | |essential meaning. A relatively quick and efficient read, either on its own or after scanning or | |skimming, will give a global or general meaning. | |This web page then will first examine intensive reading. The second part will deal with extensive | |reading, with a focus on how it results in a general or global meaning. The fourth part gives a short | |comment on how intensive and extensive reading may operate in the same class. The fourth part examines | |scanning and the fifth, scanning. A final sixth part comments on how scanning and skimming may be used | |in the same reading. | | | |[pic] | |Intensive Reading | |In this section: | |What it is | |How it looks | |-Characteristics | |-Materials | |-Skills developed | |-Activities | |-Assessment | |When it is used | |Role of the teacher | |Advantages | |Disadvantages | |Questions sometimes asked | | | |What it is | |Brown (1989) explains that intensive reading â€Å"calls attention to grammatical forms, discourse markers, | |and other surface structure details for the purpose of understanding literal meaning, implications, | |rhetorical relationships, and the like. † He draws an analogy to intensive reading as a â€Å"zoom lens† | |strategy . | |Long and Richards (1987) say it is a â€Å"detailed in-class† analysis, led by the teacher, of vocabulary | |and grammar points, in a short passage. † | |Intensive Reading, sometimes called â€Å"Narrow Reading†, may involve students reading selections by the| |same author or several texts about the same topic. When this occurs, content and grammatical structures| |repeat themselves and students get many opportunities to understand the meanings of the text. The | |success of â€Å"Narrow Reading† on improving reading comprehension is based on the premise that the more | |familiar the reader is with the text, either due to the subject matter or having read other works by | |the same author, the more comprehension is promoted. | |How it looks | | Characteristics: | |usually classroom based | |reader is intensely involved in looking inside the text | |students focus on linguistic or semantic details of a reading | |students focus on surface structure details such as grammar and discourse markers | |students identify key  vocabulary | |students may draw pictures to aid them (such as in problem solving) | |texts are read carefully and thoroughly, again and again | |aim is to build more language knowledge rather than simply practice the skill of reading | |seen more commonly than extensive reading in classrooms | | Materials: | |usually very short texts – not more than 500 words in length | |chosen for level of difficulty and usually, by the teacher | |chosen to provide the types of reading and skills that the teacher wants to cover in the course | | Skills developed: | |rapid reading practice | |interpreting text by using: | | -word attack skills | | | | -text attack skills | | -non-text information | |Activities: | |Intensive reading exercises may include: | |looking at main ideas versus details | |understanding what is implied versus stated | |making inferences | |looking at the order of information and how it effects the message | |identifying words that connect one idea to another | |identifying words that indicate change from one section to another | | | | Munby (1979) suggests four categories of questions that may be used in intensive reading. These | |include: | |Plain Sense – to understand the factual, exact surface meanings in the text | |Implications – to make inferences and become sensitive to emotional tone and figurative language | |Relationships of thought – between sentences or paragraphs | |. Projective – requiring the integration of information from the text to one’s own background information| |Note that questions may fall into more than one category. | |. | |Assessment: | |Assessment of intensive reading will take the form of reading tests and quizzes. | |The most common systems of questioning are multiple-choice and free-response. | |Mackay (1968) , in his book Reading in a Second Language, reminds teachers that the most important | |objective in the reading class should NOT be the testing of the student to see if they have | |understood. Teachers should, instead, be spending most of the time training the student to understand | |what they read. | |When it is used | |when the objective of reading is to achieve full understanding of: | | – logical argument | | – rhetorical pattern of text | | – emotional, symbolic or social attitudes and purposes of the author | | – linguistic means to an end | | for study of content material that are difficult |.